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Abusive head injury fatalities were identified in Arizona’s Child Fatality Review annual reports. Non-fatal hospitalizations and emergency department visits due to abusive head injuries (shaken infant or shaken impact syndrome) were identified using methods from a study conducted in 2005. Infants and children under the age of two years with a code for shaken infant syndrome in any diagnostic fields were included. Additionally, cases with a diagnostic code for skull fracture or intracranial injury, retinal hemorrhage, or intracranial hemorrhage with an external cause of injury code for known or suspected homicide/assault were included.
In this study, Morrison Institute reviewed how ACEs are associated with diseases that are the leading causes of death for adults in Arizona. With this focus in mind, heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, and chronic lower respiratory diseases like COPD or chronic bronchitis were included in this study.