This summary report overviews a State of Arizona and U. S. Department of Energy funded drilling project to determine if near-term hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal potential exists in the eastern portion of the White Mountains region of Arizona. A 4,505 feet deep slim-hole exploratory well, Alpine1/Federal, was drilled within the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest at Alpine Divide near the Alpine Divide camp ground about 5 miles north of Alpine, Arizona in Apache County (Figure 1). A comprehensive technical report, in two parts, details the results of the project. Part 1, Alpine1/Federal, Drilling Report, discusses the drilling operations,
logging program, permitting and site selection for the hole. Part 2, Temperature Gradients, Geothermal Potential, and Geology, summarizes the temperature gradients, heat flow, geothermal potential, and subsurface geology.

Most of the state's cattle ranches rely solely on rain-fed range to support their herds. Drought conditions can result in significant declines in forage production and nutritional quality. Failure to respond to these changes with appropriate management can compound the effects of drought on already stressed vegetation resulting in poor range condition and animal performance. The project discussed in this paper has three broad purposes: first, to compile a profile of Arizona's ranchers, with an emphasis on socioeconomic characteristics of ranchers in the southeastern portion of the state; second, to identify and understand the physical, social, and political-economic factors that make the livelihoods of ranchers vulnerable to climatic variability; and third, to determine whether or not ranchers can mitigate their vulnerability with improved access to information on climate. The project is in its initial stages and thus no conclusive data are available at this time. In this paper we will outline our assumptions in entering the project, our methodology, and some preliminary assessments from our work to date.

Conventional wisdom often views the urban water sector as being among the more sensitive sectors in the arid U.S. Southwest. To test this assumption, the Climate Assessment Project for the Southwest analyzed the water budgets of five Arizona cities to determine how severe the impacts would be from the deepest one-, five-, and ten-year droughts on record. Case study sites for the analysis included the Phoenix Active Management Area, Tucson Active Management Area, Santa Cruz Active Management Area, and the Benson and Sierra Vista subwatersheds of the San Pedro River.

Tribes have a direct government-to-government relationship with the U.S. government wherein no decisions about their lands and people are made without their consent. In Arizona, for example, American Indian reservations occupy nearly 30 percent of the land. Native Americans have a legal and moral claim to significant quantities of water as well. Because of their special legal standing in the United States, tribes are not just another group of stakeholders to be considered in the research and policy process. The purpose of this paper is to provide a legal and political background for interactions between the United States and tribal governments and provide models for those interactions, with special attention to research and outreach.

As a major component of the Climate Assessment Project for the Southwest, this study is part of a larger effort to assess the vulnerability of natural and human systems to climate variability and change in the southwestern U.S. As importantly, this assessment seeks to fulfill the project’s larger mission of working directly with communities to improve their ability to respond adequately and appropriately to climatic events and climate change. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the utility of a rapid ethnographic approach for (1) conducting a community-level assessment of climate related vulnerability and (2) extending the findings to other assessments.

To provide insight into provenance relations for multiple mid-Oligocene to mid-Miocene subbasins
(typically half-grabens) dissected by erosion in uplands lying north of the Catalina core complex and west of the San Pedro trough, 136 outcrop counts were made of clast types in tilted conglomerates of the Cloudburst and San Manuel Formations and their lateral equivalents in exposures as far north as the Gila River near Kearny. Clast counts were not made for younger conglomerates of the post-mid-Miocene Quiburis Formation, which fills the San Pedro trough and onlaps flanking uplands (Dickinson, 1998), because Quiburis clast assemblages in all cases match bedrock sources exposed uphill on the modern landscape. By contrast, paleotopography during Cloudburst and San Manuel deposition can only be inferred from local paleocurrent indicators (clast imbrications; figure 39 of Dickinson, 1991, p. 70-71) and clast assemblages in tilted strata. Areas included in this study were the Guild Wash allochthon between the Tortolita and Suizo Mountains, the Star Flat allochthon on the east flank of the Black Mountains, the
Black Hills (west of Mammoth), Camp Grant Wash (and Putnam Wash) between the Black Mountains and the Black Hills, multiple drainages of the Tortilla Mountains (Eagle Wash, Jim Thomas Wash, Hackberry Wash, Indian Camp Wash), and Ripsey Wash on the west flank of the Tortilla Mountains (Figs. 1-4).

A brief reconnaissance (5-8 November 2008) of the Big Sandy Formation near Wikieup (on US Highway 93 in Mohave County, Arizona) was undertaken to reconcile a reported dominance of lacustrine beds (Sheppard and Gude, 1972, 1973) with the largely terrestrial mammalian fauna reported from the formation (MacFadden et al., 1979; Lindsay and Mead, 2005). The issue is resolved satisfactorily by appreciation that nearly all fossil localities occur in fluvial beds that intertongue with and grade laterally into the dominant lacustrine strata.