Apache trout is a federally threatened salmonid native to headwaters of the Little Colorado, Black, and White rivers in east-central Arizona. Decline of Apache trout to threatened status was attributed to over-fishing, habitat degradation and negative interactions (predation, competition and hybridization) with introduced nonnative salmonids. Although over-fishing is no longer considered a threat, habitat degradation and negative interactions with nonnative salmonids continue to threaten Apache trout, and it is towards these threats that recovery actions are directed. While barrier construction began in 1979 and livestock exclusion began in the mid-1980s, the efficacy of these recovery actions at increasing Apache trout abundance and improving habitat condition had not been evaluated. We therefore initiated a study to evaluate the efficacy of riparian fencing and barriers.
Photograph of Bell Tree in an antechamber off the North Apse at Cosanti in Paradise Valley, Arizona
Photograph of bronze bell windchimes hanging from South Apse at Cosanti in Paradise Valley, Arizona
Photograph of an unidentified person sitting on roof of Student Apse at Cosanti in Paradise Valley, Arizona
Photograph showing unidentified person sitting on roof of Student Apse with view of the swimming pool at Cosanti in Paradise Valley, Arizona
Photograph of an unidentified person sitting on roof of Student Apse at Cosanti in Paradise Valley, Arizona
Photograph showing roof structure of South Apse at Cosanti in Paradise Valley, Arizona
Photograph of South Apse and ladder at Cosanti in Paradise Valley, Arizona
Photograph of the pathway between the Drafting Studio and South Apse at Cosanti in Paradise Valley, Arizona