Mr. Proudfoot, the leading pygmy-owl biologist in the United States, has worked for the last two years to gather and analyze the data that allows us to address issues regarding the genetic viability of ferruginous pygmy-owls in Arizona and to establish a framework for future management efforts. The two major questions addressed are (1) do populations of concern lack genetic variation relative to putative healthy populations, and (2) how unique are geographically distinct populations within a species of special concern?

Builds upon the "Biological Stress Assessment" through the identification of threats and stressors to watercourses within Pima County. It provides background on technical and water policy matters, describes potential and existing impacts to watercourses within Pima County, suggests options for reducing stressors, and outlines a number of issues for discussion withing each watershed planning unit.

Takes a comprehensive view of ironwood habitats in both the United States and Mexico, evaluating the ecological and cultural resources supported by the ancient ironwood tree. The study provides an overview of the history and ecology of desert ironwood, and a discussion of the binational research effort undertaken to produce the report.