This "document was prepared in 2008-2009. In addition to field reviews and available research, significant information was obtained from public opinion and concerns voiced during the public and Citizen Advisory Committee meetings held along the route. The primary objective of this report is to document desired efforts along the Fredonia-Vermilion Cliffs Scenic Road that will sustain its resources for future generations. Additionally, this document fosters the necessary relationships required to promote and protect the intrinsic qualities that define this scenic road experience."--Foreword

There are many factors that affect the durability of Portland cement concrete (PCC), including the mix design and the materials used, the quality of construction, and the environment. Durability is not an intrinsic property of the concrete, but instead is related to how the material interacts with the environment. Durability-related deterioration is referred to as materials-related distress (MRD). Common MRDs include those caused by physical processes, such as freezing and thawing, or chemical processes, such as alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) and sulfate attack. This research project was undertaken to determine whether concrete used in the ADOT system is experiencing, or is potentially susceptible to, ASR or sulfate attack, and if so, to what degree.