This report provides a simplified method to be used for evaluating the skin friction and tip resistance of axially loaded drilled shafts. A summary of literature and current practice was completed and then a comprehensive set of field and laboratory tests was performed. Several soil samples were collected from different sites from Arizona and surrounding states. Large scale direct shear apparatus was developed and used to determine the friction between soil and concrete. Finite element analyses were conducted on several prototype cases to determine effect of soil parameters such as dilation on the skin friction values. A step-by-step simplified approach was introduced to determine the skin and tip resistance of drilled shaft foundations in gravelly soils. An example application was presented to guide users in utilizing the simplified approach.

This coloring book was designed at the Phoenix Center for the Arts by a couple of our artists as a tool for students to learn about air pollution and to take preventative actions and become good environmental stewards. It is something fun for children to do while at the same time providing a good story that’s instructive about protecting human health and the environment.